| the excessive, maladaptive, or addictive use of drugs for nonmedical purposes despite social, psychological, and physical problems that may arise from such use. Abused substances include such agents as anabolic steroids, which are used by some athletes to accelerate muscular development and increase strength and which can cause heart disease... |
| In Great Britain the money market consists of a number of linked markets, all of them concentrated in London. The 12 specialist banks known as discount houses have the longest history as money market institutions; they have their origin in the London bill broker who in the early 19th century made the market in inland commercial bills. By... |
| With very few exceptions, in order for a drug to affect the function of a cell, an interaction at the molecular level must occur between the drug and some target component of the cell. In most cases the interaction consists of a loose, reversible binding of the drug molecule, although some drugs can form strong chemical bonds with their target... |
| The transdermal application of drugs provides an alternate method for applying drugs to achieve a systemic, rather than local, effect. The administration of a drug through the skin not only minimizes the metabolism of the drug before it reaches the rest of the body but also eliminates the high and low blood levels associated with oral... |
| Even before 1993 drew to a close, it brought down a deluge of bad news on the heads of U.S. pharmaceutical industry executives. The image of the big companies as blue-chip, inevitably profitable cash cows for investors was smashed. The first blow was delivered by Pres. Bill Clinton's national health plan, which presented a real threat to... |
